Works Cited
Primary Sources
Atwood, Evelyn. Why They Got Away With It. 1947. Political Cartoon. Pioneer Publishers of the
Socialist Workers Party. Web. 14 Nov 2013.
This source is a political cartoon on the cover of a pamphlet written by the Pioneer
Publishers of the Socialist Workers Party. It was a call for resistance by all the unions
against the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, represented by the use of a shovel blade against a
snake.
Bernhardt, Debra. "Leon Sverdlove on the Taft-Hartley Act." Leon Sverdlove on the Taft
-Hartley Act. History Matters, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
This source gives an interview by Debra Bernhardt of Leon Sverdlove’s view on the Taft
Hartley Act. This brings another opinion of the Taft-Hartley Act to our research and different
viewpoints. We had already read a document explaining the government perspective of the
Taft-Hartley’s Act, so this document was very important in highlighting the labor union’s
view. This document also gives new details on the Taft Hartley Act.
“Beta.” H.R.5644. Library of Congress, 16 Oct. 2002. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
This source is a direct link to a bill in which attempted to repeal the Taft-Hartley Act in
October of 2002. It includes the text of the bill itself, the legislators involved in the bill, a
brief summary of the bill, a list of committees and other cosponsors. This resource is
crucial because it could give our website another aspect in which we can use to show its
relevance in the 21st century and the effects it could have in shaping the modern day
workforce.
Block, Herbert. ""Surprise!"" "Surprise!" Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
This source highlights a political cartoon created by Herbert Block in 1954 that negatively
viewed the Taft Hartley Act. This document is important because we wanted to double
check political cartoons of the time period, to see if they all depicted the Taft-Hartley Act
negatively, which a majority of them do. It helps support the idea that the Taft-Hartley Act
was mainly endorsed by the Republican Party, and negatively affected the labor work.
Craver, Charles. “C-SPAN VIDEO LIBRARY Created by Cable. Offered as a Public Service.”
C-SPAN Video Library. C-SPAN, 12 Aug. 1997. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
This source shows an interview of Professor Carver, an expert about the Taft Hartley Act.
This source gives multiple examples of situations the Taft Hartley Act was used by the
President and the conditions that need to be there before the President invokes it. It also
gives the general public opinion about the Taft Hartley Act and Labor Unions through
viewer calls. This gives us a better understanding of why the Taft Hartley Act overtook the
Labor Relations Act of 1935, and highlights the rights it gives the labor unions and the
President.
“[Fred A. Hartley, Jr., Half-length Portrait, Facing Front, Testifying before the House Labor
Committee about Changes in the Taft-Hartley Act].” [Fred A. Hartley, Jr., Half-length
portrait, Facing Front, Testifying before the House Labor Committee about Changes in
the Taft-Hartley Act]. Library of Congress, n.d. Web 13 Nov. 2013.
This source is an action shot of Hartley who appears to be speaking amongst Congress
about his bill during the 1950’s (Shot was taken May 6th of 1953.) This source includes
further links to more images which is invaluable to us considering that we are limited in
the amount of images that we have gathered to use in our website thus far. This source
also includes background information on the image, when it was taken, who was in it and
what it related to. All of this information is very valuable and very useful information that
will most likely be referred back to multiple times.
Giroux, Bob. "Taft-Hartley Act Interview." Lang, Hansen, O'Malley, Miller Governmental Relations. Lang, Hansen, O'Malley and
Miller - Governmental Relations, 2003. Web. 5 Apr. 2014.
This source provided information on who we interviewed. It gave us background information and policies
of Bob Giroux. It showed us the position of how Mr. Giroux favored unions and lobbied for them. It helped
us understand the importance of labor unions and the difference between public and private sectors for
unions. Overall, the website provided useful information that developed our understanding of how
unions have lobbies act as a middle man with the government.
Marcus, Edwin. How good a rider?. 1947. Cartoon. Library of Congress PPOC. Web. 20 Oct
2013.
This source is a political cartoon about the Taft-Hartley Act. It is a way of capturing the
public perception of the act, which ranged from skepticism to extreme dislike. The cartoon
shows that the general public did not believe it (the act) would even help at all.
“National Labor Relations Act.” YouTube. Wikispeak, 23 May 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
This source gives information about the Labor Relations Act of 1935. This source includes
background information, the process by which the legislation was signed, and the different
sections of the act and its purpose. Understanding this act is extremely important to
understanding the Taft Hartley Act since it is basically a revision of the Labor
Relations Act of 1935. Also it helps to understand why there was a need for such a law
during this time and in the future.
Packer, Fred Little. “Anything but that!” Cartoon. New York Mirror. 3 June 1952: n. page. print.
It is about the usage of the Taft-Hartley act. It portrays that the act is not used to excess.
This cartoon gives the point of view of what the corporations and wealthy believed. It will
help us create a counter argument. The Democrats strongly disliked the act even though it
was not always used.
Price, Harold. In The Back. 1947. Political Cartoon. National Maritime Union of America-Pilot,
Education, and Publicity Dept. Web. 14 Nov 2013.
This source is a political cartoon on the cover of a pamphlet written by the National
Maritime Union of America. It shows the opinion of one of the many unions on the Taft-
Hartley Act of 1947, which, for the most part, was disgust and contempt. They felt as if
they were being stabbed “In The Back.”
Taft, Robert. “1947 Taft-Hartley Speech.” YouTube. YouTube, 18 Aug. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source highlights Senator Robert Taft’s speech about the Taft Hartley Act in 1947.
This is an important primary source because it tells exactly what Senator Taft believed the
act would accomplish and why he thinks it is critical to get the legislation passed. It helps
us understand the reason why the revision was made to the Wagner Act and gives us a
better understanding of the Taft Hartley Act in general.
The "Perfect" Crime of Mr. Taft and Mr. Hartley. 1947. Political Cartoon. California CIO
Council. Web. 14 Nov 2013.
This source is a political cartoon by the California CIO Council, and it shows the effects of
the act on the general public. It shows the labor unions and their workers being robbed by
the government in a completely “legal” fashion, hence it being called the “perfect crime.”
"Wagner Act (United States [1935])." Wagner Act. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 19 Jan 2014.
This website had one of our best videos we used in our website, as it included a speech
from Senator Robert F. Wagner where he outlined what his Wagner Act was supposed
to do. It also had a portion of video on the heavy focus by the AFL on traditional crafts.
Socialist Workers Party. Web. 14 Nov 2013.
This source is a political cartoon on the cover of a pamphlet written by the Pioneer
Publishers of the Socialist Workers Party. It was a call for resistance by all the unions
against the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947, represented by the use of a shovel blade against a
snake.
Bernhardt, Debra. "Leon Sverdlove on the Taft-Hartley Act." Leon Sverdlove on the Taft
-Hartley Act. History Matters, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
This source gives an interview by Debra Bernhardt of Leon Sverdlove’s view on the Taft
Hartley Act. This brings another opinion of the Taft-Hartley Act to our research and different
viewpoints. We had already read a document explaining the government perspective of the
Taft-Hartley’s Act, so this document was very important in highlighting the labor union’s
view. This document also gives new details on the Taft Hartley Act.
“Beta.” H.R.5644. Library of Congress, 16 Oct. 2002. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
This source is a direct link to a bill in which attempted to repeal the Taft-Hartley Act in
October of 2002. It includes the text of the bill itself, the legislators involved in the bill, a
brief summary of the bill, a list of committees and other cosponsors. This resource is
crucial because it could give our website another aspect in which we can use to show its
relevance in the 21st century and the effects it could have in shaping the modern day
workforce.
Block, Herbert. ""Surprise!"" "Surprise!" Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.
This source highlights a political cartoon created by Herbert Block in 1954 that negatively
viewed the Taft Hartley Act. This document is important because we wanted to double
check political cartoons of the time period, to see if they all depicted the Taft-Hartley Act
negatively, which a majority of them do. It helps support the idea that the Taft-Hartley Act
was mainly endorsed by the Republican Party, and negatively affected the labor work.
Craver, Charles. “C-SPAN VIDEO LIBRARY Created by Cable. Offered as a Public Service.”
C-SPAN Video Library. C-SPAN, 12 Aug. 1997. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
This source shows an interview of Professor Carver, an expert about the Taft Hartley Act.
This source gives multiple examples of situations the Taft Hartley Act was used by the
President and the conditions that need to be there before the President invokes it. It also
gives the general public opinion about the Taft Hartley Act and Labor Unions through
viewer calls. This gives us a better understanding of why the Taft Hartley Act overtook the
Labor Relations Act of 1935, and highlights the rights it gives the labor unions and the
President.
“[Fred A. Hartley, Jr., Half-length Portrait, Facing Front, Testifying before the House Labor
Committee about Changes in the Taft-Hartley Act].” [Fred A. Hartley, Jr., Half-length
portrait, Facing Front, Testifying before the House Labor Committee about Changes in
the Taft-Hartley Act]. Library of Congress, n.d. Web 13 Nov. 2013.
This source is an action shot of Hartley who appears to be speaking amongst Congress
about his bill during the 1950’s (Shot was taken May 6th of 1953.) This source includes
further links to more images which is invaluable to us considering that we are limited in
the amount of images that we have gathered to use in our website thus far. This source
also includes background information on the image, when it was taken, who was in it and
what it related to. All of this information is very valuable and very useful information that
will most likely be referred back to multiple times.
Giroux, Bob. "Taft-Hartley Act Interview." Lang, Hansen, O'Malley, Miller Governmental Relations. Lang, Hansen, O'Malley and
Miller - Governmental Relations, 2003. Web. 5 Apr. 2014.
This source provided information on who we interviewed. It gave us background information and policies
of Bob Giroux. It showed us the position of how Mr. Giroux favored unions and lobbied for them. It helped
us understand the importance of labor unions and the difference between public and private sectors for
unions. Overall, the website provided useful information that developed our understanding of how
unions have lobbies act as a middle man with the government.
Marcus, Edwin. How good a rider?. 1947. Cartoon. Library of Congress PPOC. Web. 20 Oct
2013.
This source is a political cartoon about the Taft-Hartley Act. It is a way of capturing the
public perception of the act, which ranged from skepticism to extreme dislike. The cartoon
shows that the general public did not believe it (the act) would even help at all.
“National Labor Relations Act.” YouTube. Wikispeak, 23 May 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2013.
This source gives information about the Labor Relations Act of 1935. This source includes
background information, the process by which the legislation was signed, and the different
sections of the act and its purpose. Understanding this act is extremely important to
understanding the Taft Hartley Act since it is basically a revision of the Labor
Relations Act of 1935. Also it helps to understand why there was a need for such a law
during this time and in the future.
Packer, Fred Little. “Anything but that!” Cartoon. New York Mirror. 3 June 1952: n. page. print.
It is about the usage of the Taft-Hartley act. It portrays that the act is not used to excess.
This cartoon gives the point of view of what the corporations and wealthy believed. It will
help us create a counter argument. The Democrats strongly disliked the act even though it
was not always used.
Price, Harold. In The Back. 1947. Political Cartoon. National Maritime Union of America-Pilot,
Education, and Publicity Dept. Web. 14 Nov 2013.
This source is a political cartoon on the cover of a pamphlet written by the National
Maritime Union of America. It shows the opinion of one of the many unions on the Taft-
Hartley Act of 1947, which, for the most part, was disgust and contempt. They felt as if
they were being stabbed “In The Back.”
Taft, Robert. “1947 Taft-Hartley Speech.” YouTube. YouTube, 18 Aug. 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source highlights Senator Robert Taft’s speech about the Taft Hartley Act in 1947.
This is an important primary source because it tells exactly what Senator Taft believed the
act would accomplish and why he thinks it is critical to get the legislation passed. It helps
us understand the reason why the revision was made to the Wagner Act and gives us a
better understanding of the Taft Hartley Act in general.
The "Perfect" Crime of Mr. Taft and Mr. Hartley. 1947. Political Cartoon. California CIO
Council. Web. 14 Nov 2013.
This source is a political cartoon by the California CIO Council, and it shows the effects of
the act on the general public. It shows the labor unions and their workers being robbed by
the government in a completely “legal” fashion, hence it being called the “perfect crime.”
"Wagner Act (United States [1935])." Wagner Act. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 19 Jan 2014.
This website had one of our best videos we used in our website, as it included a speech
from Senator Robert F. Wagner where he outlined what his Wagner Act was supposed
to do. It also had a portion of video on the heavy focus by the AFL on traditional crafts.
Secondary Sources
Barbash, Jack. “Unions and Rights in the Space Age.” United States Department of Labor.
United States Government, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source was complex analysis of the history of labor unions with the Taft-Hartley Act
heavily affecting them. It included statistics and expert analysis that helped us better
understand the situation that occurred with labor unions in our nation's past. It showed that
there were multiple negative effects toward labor unions as large corporation influenced
politics to abuse the power of the act.
"Bill Summary & Status 97th Congress (1981-1982) S.1163.” Bill Summary & Status. Library of
Congress, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source is very similar to another one of our sources, and is about another type of
reformation of the Taft-Hartley Act only this attempt at amending the Act occurred in the
1980’s around 20 years earlier than the more modern attempts and just about thirty years
past the passing of the Act. This source includes cosponsors of the bill, a summary of the
bill, and the text of the bill, among various other pieces of information. This is yet again,
another example of the general public’s discontent with the Act and their desire for
reformation.
Block, Herbert. “That’s Enough for Right Now, Chief” Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 21 Oct.
2013.
This source gives a detailed description about a political cartoon created by Herbert
Block and displays in an explicit manner what Block thinks of the Taft-Hartley Act. This
adds on an interesting piece of knowledge to our project, and really illustrates the
argument we are trying to make in regards to the Taft-Hartley Act.
Broad, Barry. "Taft-Hartley Act Interview." Telephone interview. 2 Apr. 2014.
Barry Broad was an excellent resource for us to gather information from. Broad is known
for his extensive experience in the labor union field of lobbying, and provided us invaluable
insight on modern day labor unions and the massive effect the Taft-Hartley Act has had since
1947 and the impact it has in some of the labor unions he lobbies.
Crawford, Ted, and David Walters. “American Labor After the Taft-Hartley Act.” The Editors:
July 1947. Fourth International, 16 Feb. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source is an information-heavy documentation of the American Labor crisis after the
Taft-Hartley Act, and also provides background information. This source can be used as
an “aftermath” resource for our website, and it includes valuable information that can help
people further understand the effects of the act and why it was so heavily opposed.
Dulles, Foster. Labor in America A History. New York: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, 1966. Print.
This book provides an in-depth analysis of both the Wagner Act and the Taft-Hartley Act. It
also brought to our attention the Case Bill, which we had not learned about prior to reading
this book. It also described the reasons behind both of Truman's vetoes, and how the anti-
laborers managed to overturn one of his vetoes.
Fortas, Thornberry. “Nomination Hearings” Fortas and Thornberry (1-part II). N.P. Law Library
of Congress, 1960’s. Print.
This source is about a specific use of the Taft-Hartley Act. It included how it was used and
why. This source brings an example of what we are trying to prove with our thesis, that
large corporations abused their power through the Taft-Hartley act.
Giroux, Bob. "Taft-Hartley Act Interview." Lang, Hansen, O'Malley, Miller Governmental Relations. Lang, Hansen, O'Malley and
Miller - Governmental Relations, 2003. Web. 5 Apr. 2014.
This source provided information on who we interviewed. It gave us background information and policies
of Bob Giroux. It showed us the position of how Mr. Giroux favored unions and lobbied for them. It helped
us understand the importance of labor unions and the difference between public and private sectors for
unions. Overall, the website provided useful information that developed our understanding of how
unions have lobbies act as a middle man with the government.
Halpern, Martin. “Taft-Hartley Act.” Milestone Documents RSS. N.P., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source was about the Taft-Hartley Act and its opposite predecessor, the Wagner Act.
It included a detailed summary and analysis of both acts. It helped us understand what
opposed the Taft-Hartley Act, because many believed it hurt the people. It also informed
us that the National Labor Relations act was also known as Wagner Act.
Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. “The Cold War Begins.” The
American Pageant. 13th ed. N.P. Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print
It was an unbiased explanation of the Taft Hartley Act. It includes viewpoints from both
sides, and it gave our group a wider range of knowledge of the situation. It tells us how big
corporations broke their rights by making this law.
“Labor History Sources in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress.” Labor History
Sources (Manuscript Reading Room, Library of Congress). Library of Congress, 14 Oct.
2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source provides information of about seven different committees and organizations
who (later than the Taft-Hartley and also includes some from before) faced several federal
and governmental issues that surprisingly coincide and closely link to several issues and
themes that erupted very close to the enactment of the Taft-Hartley Act.
“Labor History Timeline.” Labor History Timeline. AFL CIO, 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source was about the development of unions. A large timeline was included in this
source with events and descriptions. This source is a biased source as it was created by
a large union, but it gives their perspective on how the Taft-Hartley act affected American
Unions.
"Labor-Management Relations Act." N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.casefilemethod.com/Statutes/LMRA.pdf>.
This PDF file gives us the actual text of the Taft-Hartley Act in which we we were able to
use as a main portion of our supplements page to serve as either a refresher or reference for
viewers when searching our website.
Madland, David and Walter, Karla "Report: As Union Membership Rates Decrease, Middle Class Incomes Shrink."
ThinkProgress RSS. ThinkProgress, 20 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
This source was needed to show the correlation between decrease in middle income wages and decrease in
unionization. It shows how the middle class is stronger when there are more workers in unions and because of the
decrease after the Taft Hartley Act among other things, the economy has shifted to more low wages.
Michael, I. (2014, February 08). Interview by I. Abadin, A. Rathish, A. Sickenger, M. Wright.
Michael Itkoff is the president of the Folsom Cordova Education Association, which is the
union that represents all certificated personnel in the Folsom Cordova Unified School
District, including counselors, nurses, and teachers. He offered us a view of the Taft-
Hartley Act from the eyes of a modern union president, and talked about many effects of
the act, such as its effects on the government and private sector.
"National Labor Relations Act (1935)." Our Documents - National Labor Relations Act. Our Documents,
n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2014. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=67>.
This was also a link that cited directly from the Wagner Act and was intended to essentially
to serve the same purpose as the PDF of the Taft-Hartley Act in order to provide additional
information about an outside piece of legislation that happened to greatly impact our topic
as a whole.
"News Release." Union Membership. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 24 Jan 2014. Web. 15 Feb 2014.
This was a very recent article released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor. It has an in-depth list of statistics about labor in America,
discussing the rate of union membership in relation to race, age, gender, state, and
occupation.
Sheppard, Shannon. “Pamphlets in the Fight Against Taft-Hartley.” Pamphlets in the Fight
Against Taft-Hartley. Holt Labor Library , 11 Mar. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source is basically a compilation of claims and propagandist cartoons lashing out at
the Taft-Hartley Act, providing multiple cartoon images and several statements from
multiple congressmen. This will bring images and quotes to kind of “decorate” our website
and aid us with our presentation of the topic. It also includes analysis of the images.
Simkin, Tom. "American History." Taft-Hartley Act. Spartacus Educational. Web. 19 Oct 2013.
This source is another description of the Taft-Hartley Act and its consequences. It provides
a few new consequences as well, which were not mentioned by any previous sources.
"The American Presidency Project." Harry S. Truman: Veto of the Taft-Hartley Bill. The American
Presidency Project. Web. 20 Jan 2014.
We did not actually use this source to prove a point in our website, but we obtained a copy
of the entire veto of the Taft-Hartley Act from it.
"The Union Advantage: Facts and Figures." SEIU.org. SEIU, n.d. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.
This source was extremely useful in understanding the difference in wages between unionized and non-unionized
workers. It also provided information in how the private sector workers are different than public sector workers in
terms of benefits, wages, and job opportunities.
Truman, Henry S. "Harry S. Truman: Veto of the Taft-Hartley Labor Bill." Harry S. Truman:
Veto of the Taft-Hartley Labor Bill. Gerhard Peters and John T Woolley, n.d. Web. 18 Oct.
2013.
This source shows why Harry Truman wanted to veto the Taft Hartley Act. It gives the
different ways he tested the bill and his opinion was very detailed in listing why the Taft
Hartley Act will not be productive. This source was useful because it gave us a new
perspective of the Taft Hartley Act and made us think of new issues.
United States of America . 103rd Congress Second Session. Proceedings and Debates of the
103rd Congress Second Session. Washington: , 1994. Web.
This source is a typed recording of a congressional debate from May 2, 1994 to May 16,
1994. There is a column on the Taft-Hartley Act in the recording, and it briefly states the
importance of the act.
"U.S. History." Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. United States History. Web. 12 Oct 2013.
This source basically provides an overview of the Taft-Hartley Act, describing its major
conditions. The source also includes a picture of John L. Lewis at the 1947 AFL
convention, as he is speaking out against the “slave labor” act.
USW. “Unity and Strength For Workers.” A Brief History of Unions. USW Political Action Fund,
n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source is about the overall history of unions and how they developed from a smaller
union point of view. It includes reasonable explanations often including our Founding Father
and it gives our project more information on how people felt about harsh laws like the Taft-
Hartley Act.
Wagner, Steven. “How Did the Taft-Hartley Act Come About?”. How Did the Taft-Hartley Act
Come About? History News Network, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.
This source is about how the Taft-Hartley Act blatantly disregarded the stipulations of the
Wagner Act, which outlined the rights of workers and laborers. This website also gave a
general overview of how groups like corporations used this act as an excuse to the abuse
of their power. The Taft-Hartley Act seems to have been referred to multiple times as an
excuse to treat workers poorly.
United States Government, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source was complex analysis of the history of labor unions with the Taft-Hartley Act
heavily affecting them. It included statistics and expert analysis that helped us better
understand the situation that occurred with labor unions in our nation's past. It showed that
there were multiple negative effects toward labor unions as large corporation influenced
politics to abuse the power of the act.
"Bill Summary & Status 97th Congress (1981-1982) S.1163.” Bill Summary & Status. Library of
Congress, n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source is very similar to another one of our sources, and is about another type of
reformation of the Taft-Hartley Act only this attempt at amending the Act occurred in the
1980’s around 20 years earlier than the more modern attempts and just about thirty years
past the passing of the Act. This source includes cosponsors of the bill, a summary of the
bill, and the text of the bill, among various other pieces of information. This is yet again,
another example of the general public’s discontent with the Act and their desire for
reformation.
Block, Herbert. “That’s Enough for Right Now, Chief” Library of Congress, n.d. Web. 21 Oct.
2013.
This source gives a detailed description about a political cartoon created by Herbert
Block and displays in an explicit manner what Block thinks of the Taft-Hartley Act. This
adds on an interesting piece of knowledge to our project, and really illustrates the
argument we are trying to make in regards to the Taft-Hartley Act.
Broad, Barry. "Taft-Hartley Act Interview." Telephone interview. 2 Apr. 2014.
Barry Broad was an excellent resource for us to gather information from. Broad is known
for his extensive experience in the labor union field of lobbying, and provided us invaluable
insight on modern day labor unions and the massive effect the Taft-Hartley Act has had since
1947 and the impact it has in some of the labor unions he lobbies.
Crawford, Ted, and David Walters. “American Labor After the Taft-Hartley Act.” The Editors:
July 1947. Fourth International, 16 Feb. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source is an information-heavy documentation of the American Labor crisis after the
Taft-Hartley Act, and also provides background information. This source can be used as
an “aftermath” resource for our website, and it includes valuable information that can help
people further understand the effects of the act and why it was so heavily opposed.
Dulles, Foster. Labor in America A History. New York: Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited, 1966. Print.
This book provides an in-depth analysis of both the Wagner Act and the Taft-Hartley Act. It
also brought to our attention the Case Bill, which we had not learned about prior to reading
this book. It also described the reasons behind both of Truman's vetoes, and how the anti-
laborers managed to overturn one of his vetoes.
Fortas, Thornberry. “Nomination Hearings” Fortas and Thornberry (1-part II). N.P. Law Library
of Congress, 1960’s. Print.
This source is about a specific use of the Taft-Hartley Act. It included how it was used and
why. This source brings an example of what we are trying to prove with our thesis, that
large corporations abused their power through the Taft-Hartley act.
Giroux, Bob. "Taft-Hartley Act Interview." Lang, Hansen, O'Malley, Miller Governmental Relations. Lang, Hansen, O'Malley and
Miller - Governmental Relations, 2003. Web. 5 Apr. 2014.
This source provided information on who we interviewed. It gave us background information and policies
of Bob Giroux. It showed us the position of how Mr. Giroux favored unions and lobbied for them. It helped
us understand the importance of labor unions and the difference between public and private sectors for
unions. Overall, the website provided useful information that developed our understanding of how
unions have lobbies act as a middle man with the government.
Halpern, Martin. “Taft-Hartley Act.” Milestone Documents RSS. N.P., n.d. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source was about the Taft-Hartley Act and its opposite predecessor, the Wagner Act.
It included a detailed summary and analysis of both acts. It helped us understand what
opposed the Taft-Hartley Act, because many believed it hurt the people. It also informed
us that the National Labor Relations act was also known as Wagner Act.
Kennedy, David M., Lizabeth Cohen, and Thomas A. Bailey. “The Cold War Begins.” The
American Pageant. 13th ed. N.P. Houghton Mifflin, 2006. Print
It was an unbiased explanation of the Taft Hartley Act. It includes viewpoints from both
sides, and it gave our group a wider range of knowledge of the situation. It tells us how big
corporations broke their rights by making this law.
“Labor History Sources in the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress.” Labor History
Sources (Manuscript Reading Room, Library of Congress). Library of Congress, 14 Oct.
2010. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source provides information of about seven different committees and organizations
who (later than the Taft-Hartley and also includes some from before) faced several federal
and governmental issues that surprisingly coincide and closely link to several issues and
themes that erupted very close to the enactment of the Taft-Hartley Act.
“Labor History Timeline.” Labor History Timeline. AFL CIO, 2010. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source was about the development of unions. A large timeline was included in this
source with events and descriptions. This source is a biased source as it was created by
a large union, but it gives their perspective on how the Taft-Hartley act affected American
Unions.
"Labor-Management Relations Act." N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Apr. 2014.
<http://www.casefilemethod.com/Statutes/LMRA.pdf>.
This PDF file gives us the actual text of the Taft-Hartley Act in which we we were able to
use as a main portion of our supplements page to serve as either a refresher or reference for
viewers when searching our website.
Madland, David and Walter, Karla "Report: As Union Membership Rates Decrease, Middle Class Incomes Shrink."
ThinkProgress RSS. ThinkProgress, 20 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Feb. 2014.
This source was needed to show the correlation between decrease in middle income wages and decrease in
unionization. It shows how the middle class is stronger when there are more workers in unions and because of the
decrease after the Taft Hartley Act among other things, the economy has shifted to more low wages.
Michael, I. (2014, February 08). Interview by I. Abadin, A. Rathish, A. Sickenger, M. Wright.
Michael Itkoff is the president of the Folsom Cordova Education Association, which is the
union that represents all certificated personnel in the Folsom Cordova Unified School
District, including counselors, nurses, and teachers. He offered us a view of the Taft-
Hartley Act from the eyes of a modern union president, and talked about many effects of
the act, such as its effects on the government and private sector.
"National Labor Relations Act (1935)." Our Documents - National Labor Relations Act. Our Documents,
n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2014. <http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=67>.
This was also a link that cited directly from the Wagner Act and was intended to essentially
to serve the same purpose as the PDF of the Taft-Hartley Act in order to provide additional
information about an outside piece of legislation that happened to greatly impact our topic
as a whole.
"News Release." Union Membership. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 24 Jan 2014. Web. 15 Feb 2014.
This was a very recent article released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor. It has an in-depth list of statistics about labor in America,
discussing the rate of union membership in relation to race, age, gender, state, and
occupation.
Sheppard, Shannon. “Pamphlets in the Fight Against Taft-Hartley.” Pamphlets in the Fight
Against Taft-Hartley. Holt Labor Library , 11 Mar. 2009. Web. 21 Oct. 2013.
This source is basically a compilation of claims and propagandist cartoons lashing out at
the Taft-Hartley Act, providing multiple cartoon images and several statements from
multiple congressmen. This will bring images and quotes to kind of “decorate” our website
and aid us with our presentation of the topic. It also includes analysis of the images.
Simkin, Tom. "American History." Taft-Hartley Act. Spartacus Educational. Web. 19 Oct 2013.
This source is another description of the Taft-Hartley Act and its consequences. It provides
a few new consequences as well, which were not mentioned by any previous sources.
"The American Presidency Project." Harry S. Truman: Veto of the Taft-Hartley Bill. The American
Presidency Project. Web. 20 Jan 2014.
We did not actually use this source to prove a point in our website, but we obtained a copy
of the entire veto of the Taft-Hartley Act from it.
"The Union Advantage: Facts and Figures." SEIU.org. SEIU, n.d. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.
This source was extremely useful in understanding the difference in wages between unionized and non-unionized
workers. It also provided information in how the private sector workers are different than public sector workers in
terms of benefits, wages, and job opportunities.
Truman, Henry S. "Harry S. Truman: Veto of the Taft-Hartley Labor Bill." Harry S. Truman:
Veto of the Taft-Hartley Labor Bill. Gerhard Peters and John T Woolley, n.d. Web. 18 Oct.
2013.
This source shows why Harry Truman wanted to veto the Taft Hartley Act. It gives the
different ways he tested the bill and his opinion was very detailed in listing why the Taft
Hartley Act will not be productive. This source was useful because it gave us a new
perspective of the Taft Hartley Act and made us think of new issues.
United States of America . 103rd Congress Second Session. Proceedings and Debates of the
103rd Congress Second Session. Washington: , 1994. Web.
This source is a typed recording of a congressional debate from May 2, 1994 to May 16,
1994. There is a column on the Taft-Hartley Act in the recording, and it briefly states the
importance of the act.
"U.S. History." Taft-Hartley Act of 1947. United States History. Web. 12 Oct 2013.
This source basically provides an overview of the Taft-Hartley Act, describing its major
conditions. The source also includes a picture of John L. Lewis at the 1947 AFL
convention, as he is speaking out against the “slave labor” act.
USW. “Unity and Strength For Workers.” A Brief History of Unions. USW Political Action Fund,
n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2013.
This source is about the overall history of unions and how they developed from a smaller
union point of view. It includes reasonable explanations often including our Founding Father
and it gives our project more information on how people felt about harsh laws like the Taft-
Hartley Act.
Wagner, Steven. “How Did the Taft-Hartley Act Come About?”. How Did the Taft-Hartley Act
Come About? History News Network, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2013.
This source is about how the Taft-Hartley Act blatantly disregarded the stipulations of the
Wagner Act, which outlined the rights of workers and laborers. This website also gave a
general overview of how groups like corporations used this act as an excuse to the abuse
of their power. The Taft-Hartley Act seems to have been referred to multiple times as an
excuse to treat workers poorly.
IMAGES
Title:
Slide 1: <http://www.spaulforrest.com/2011_08_01_archive.html>
Slide 2: <http://www.pinterest.com/pin/397583473324559698/>
Slide 3: <http://republicandirtytricks.com/united-we-bargain-divided-we-beg-labor-unions-and-middle-class-rise-and-fall-together/>
Header:
Left Picture: <http://mrsschrack.wikispaces.com/APUSH+Taft+Hartley+Act>
Right Picture: <http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/577115>
Perfect Crime: <http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/tafthartley.html>
Plot Unfolds: <http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/tafthartley.html>
Historical Context:
American Federation of Labor: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor>
NLRA: <http://www.networkedlawyers.com/the-nlrb%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cemployee-rights%E2%80%9D-posting-requirement-%E2%80%93-will-it-withstand-judicial-scrutiny/>
Rights and Responsibilities: <https://portside.org/2013-04-02/why-national-labor-relations-act-weak-law-today-and-how-we-can-restore-its-power>
Impact and Applications:
PATCO Strike: <http://www.thenation.com/slideshow/159414/slide-show-nation-marks-may-day>
West Coast Dockworker:
<http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8692>
Wildcat Strike:
<http://biggerbillhaywood.blogspot.com/2013/11/workers-in-labors-golden-age-1950-1980.html>
The Great Postal Strike: <https://libcom.org/history/1970-us-national-postal-strike>
Key People:
Senator Robert Taft: <http://www.jfklibrary.org/Education/Profile-in-Courage-Essay-Contest/Curriculum-Ideas/Curriculum-Appendix-3.aspx>
Representative Fred Hartley: <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009008256/>
President Harry Truman:
<http://diamondsixleadership.com/2012/02/21/why-president-truman-was-a-great-leader/>
Senator Robert Wagner:
<http://www.old-picture.com/american-legacy/000/Senator-Robert-Wagner.htm>
Timeline: <http://www.infoplease.com/timelines/laborunions.html>
Political Cartoons: <http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/tafthartley.html>
Wage Inequality:
Earnings of Workers: <http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/09/01/1234559/-Here-s-why-if-you-don-t-like-inequality-you-should-support-unions>
Decrease in Union Membership Rate: <http://www.demos.org/data-byte/union-membership-rates-middle-class-incomes>
Percentage of Workers in Private Sector: < http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-are-unions-necessary-20140304,0,1518951>
Slide 1: <http://www.spaulforrest.com/2011_08_01_archive.html>
Slide 2: <http://www.pinterest.com/pin/397583473324559698/>
Slide 3: <http://republicandirtytricks.com/united-we-bargain-divided-we-beg-labor-unions-and-middle-class-rise-and-fall-together/>
Header:
Left Picture: <http://mrsschrack.wikispaces.com/APUSH+Taft+Hartley+Act>
Right Picture: <http://www.rarenewspapers.com/view/577115>
Perfect Crime: <http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/tafthartley.html>
Plot Unfolds: <http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/tafthartley.html>
Historical Context:
American Federation of Labor: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Federation_of_Labor>
NLRA: <http://www.networkedlawyers.com/the-nlrb%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cemployee-rights%E2%80%9D-posting-requirement-%E2%80%93-will-it-withstand-judicial-scrutiny/>
Rights and Responsibilities: <https://portside.org/2013-04-02/why-national-labor-relations-act-weak-law-today-and-how-we-can-restore-its-power>
Impact and Applications:
PATCO Strike: <http://www.thenation.com/slideshow/159414/slide-show-nation-marks-may-day>
West Coast Dockworker:
<http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=8692>
Wildcat Strike:
<http://biggerbillhaywood.blogspot.com/2013/11/workers-in-labors-golden-age-1950-1980.html>
The Great Postal Strike: <https://libcom.org/history/1970-us-national-postal-strike>
Key People:
Senator Robert Taft: <http://www.jfklibrary.org/Education/Profile-in-Courage-Essay-Contest/Curriculum-Ideas/Curriculum-Appendix-3.aspx>
Representative Fred Hartley: <http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/hec2009008256/>
President Harry Truman:
<http://diamondsixleadership.com/2012/02/21/why-president-truman-was-a-great-leader/>
Senator Robert Wagner:
<http://www.old-picture.com/american-legacy/000/Senator-Robert-Wagner.htm>
Timeline: <http://www.infoplease.com/timelines/laborunions.html>
Political Cartoons: <http://www.holtlaborlibrary.org/tafthartley.html>
Wage Inequality:
Earnings of Workers: <http://www.dailykos.com/story/2013/09/01/1234559/-Here-s-why-if-you-don-t-like-inequality-you-should-support-unions>
Decrease in Union Membership Rate: <http://www.demos.org/data-byte/union-membership-rates-middle-class-incomes>
Percentage of Workers in Private Sector: < http://www.latimes.com/business/hiltzik/la-fi-mh-are-unions-necessary-20140304,0,1518951>